Some of the elements touching the line are classified as metalloids.įig.The elements to the right of the line (as well as hydrogen) are classified as non-metals.The elements to the left of the line are classified as metals.It divides the table into metals, non-metals, and metalloids. This line has various names: the metal-nonmetal line, the amphoteric line, the metalloid line, and the staircase. Finally, it splits astatine from tennessine, before finishing off to the left of oganesson. It starts to the left of boron and meanders its way down and to the right, sneaking between silicon and germanium, then between arsenic and antimony and tellurium and polonium. The final way of structuring the periodic table that we'll look at today involves splitting the table with a zigzagging line. 6 - Blocks in the periodic table Periodic Table Metals, non-metals, and metalloids This means that helium's highest energy valence electron is found in an s-subshell, making it an s-block element.įor more about electron subshells, take a look at Electron Shells and Electron Configuration.įig. Remember how its outer shell only has room for two electrons? This is because the shell contains just an s-subshell, whilst all of the other members of group VIII have a p-subshell as well. Yes, we know that we said helium was in group VIII, but instead of being in the p-block like all of the other elements in group VIII, it is found in the s-block. Elements are also shown with their atomic number and relative atomic mass. For example, copper is known as Cu, calcium as Ca, and carbon as C. The first letter is always capitalised and the second letter is in lowercase. This is a one or two-letter abbreviation, unique to each element. Its exact number of protons determines its number of electrons this is what makes an element, well, an element !Įlements in the periodic table are shown using their chemical symbol. Remember that an element is a pure chemical substance consisting of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nuclei. Elements in the periodic tableĪs we defined above, the periodic table is an arrangement of elements. As of now, we'll delve into the ways the periodic table is structured. It hasn't always been like this, but we'll get into how it has changed later, when we discuss the history of the periodic table. These elements are assembled in rows, columns, and blocks. How is the periodic table structured?įirst and foremost, the periodic table consists of elements. This means that once you know an element's position in the periodic table, you can predict how it behaves and reacts. The periodic table is handy because it orders elements into rows and columns based on their properties. It provides a systematic way of organizing and classifying the elements. However, these elements are reactive enough that they do not exist in their elemental forms in nature, but are present as compounds.The periodic table of elements is a table of chemical elements ordered based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The need to remove two electrons in order for the material to react means more energy is needed for electron removal. The Group 2 elements tend to be less reactive than their Group 1 counterparts. However, radium is a radioactive element and is generally under the category of radioisotopes in addition to being an alkaline earth metal, because it is not a stable element. Radium (atomic number 88) has similar properties to barium and is also in the Group 2 category. \) (Credit: Ingmar Runge Source: (opens in new window) License: Public Domain)
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